Tolsma arrest - Zaak C-16/93
61993J0016
Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 3 March 1994.
R. J. Tolsma v Inspecteur der Omzetbelasting Leeuwarden.
Reference for a preliminary ruling: Gerechtshof Leeuwarden - Netherlands.
VAT - Supply of services effected for consideration - Definition - Musical performance on the public highway.
Case C-16/93.
European Court Reports 1994 page I-0743
Tax provisions - Harmonization of laws - Turnover tax - Common system of value added tax - Supply of services for consideration - Definition - Musical performance on the public highway giving rise to payments on a voluntary basis of money in an unquantified amount - Excluded
(Council Directive 77/388/EEC, Art. 2(1))
A supply of services is effected "for consideration" within the meaning of Article
2(1) of the Sixth Council Directive (77/388) on the harmonization of the laws of the
Member States relating to turnover taxes, and hence is taxable, only if there is a legal
relationship between the provider of the service and the recipient pursuant to which
there is reciprocal performance, the remuneration received by the provider of the service
constituting the value actually given in return for the service supplied to the recipient.
Those conditions are not fulfilled in the case of an activity consisting in playing music
on the public highway, for which no remuneration is stipulated, even if the musician
solicits money and receives sums, in the form of donations, whose amount is however
neither quantified nor quantifiable.
In Case C-16/93,
REFERENCE
to the Court under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty by the Gerechtshof, Leeuwarden
(Netherlands), for a preliminary ruling in the proceedings pending before
that court between
R.J. Tolsma
and
Inspecteur der Omzetbelasting Leeuwarden,
on
the interpretation of Article 2(1) of the Sixth Council Directive (77/388/EEC)
of 17 May 1977 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating
to turnover taxes - Common system of value added tax: uniform basis of assessment
(Official Journal 1977 L 145, p. 1),
THE COURT (Sixth Chamber),
composed
of: G.F. Mancini, President of the Chamber, C.N. Kakouris, F.A. Schockweiler
(Rapporteur), P.J.G. Kapteyn and J.L. Murray, Judges,
Advocate General: C.O. Lenz,
Registrar: J.-G. Giraud,
after considering the written observations submitted on behalf of:
-
the German Government, by E. Roeder, Ministerialrat, Federal Ministry of
the Economy, and C.-D. Quassowski, Regierungsdirektor in that Ministry, acting
as Agents,
- the Netherlands Government, by A. Bos, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, acting as Agent,
- the Commission of the European Communities, by B.J. Drijber, a member of its Legal Service, acting as Agent,
having regard to the report of the Judge-Rapporteur,
after hearing the Opinion of the Advocate General at the sitting on 20 January 1994,
gives the following
Judgment
1
By order of 8 January 1993, which was received at the Court on 20 January
1993, the Gerechtshof (Regional Court of Appeal), Leeuwarden, referred to
the Court for a preliminary ruling under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty two
questions on the interpretation of Article 2(1) of the Sixth Council Directive
(77/388/EEC) of 17 May 1977 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member
States relating to turnover taxes - Common system of value added tax: uniform
basis of assessment (Official Journal 1977 L 145, p. 1, hereinafter referred
to as "the Sixth Directive").
2 Those questions were raised in the course
of proceedings between Mr Tolsma and the Inspecteur der Omzetbelasting (Inspector
of Turnover Taxes, hereinafter referred to as "the Inspecteur"), Leeuwarden,
following the issue of an assessment to turnover tax.
3 It appears from
the case-file that Mr Tolsma plays a barrel organ on the public highway in
the Netherlands. During his musical performance he offers passers-by a collecting
tin for their donations; he also sometimes knocks on the door of houses and
shops to ask for donations, but without being able to claim any remuneration
by right.
4 In respect of the period from 1 July to 30 September 1991
Mr Tolsma received from the Inspecteur an assessment to tax on the aforesaid
activity in the sum of HFL 1 805 by way of value added tax ("VAT") and HFL
180 by way of a surcharge for late payment.
5 Mr Tolsma' s administrative
complaint against the assessment was dismissed by the Inspecteur, and he
brought proceedings before the Gerechtshof, Leeuwarden.
6 Mr Tolsma
argued before that court that sums he received for the music he played in
public were not subject to VAT because there was no obligation whatever on
passers-by to give him donations, whose amount they determined themselves.
The service thus was not provided for consideration and consequently did
not fall within the scope of the Sixth Directive.
7 The Inspecteur argued,
by contrast, that there was a direct link between the service supplied and
the payments obtained, with the result that Mr Tolsma' s activity constituted
a supply of services for consideration within the meaning of the Sixth Directive.
It did not matter that he was not entitled to a remuneration whose amount
was determined by the parties in advance.
8 In those circumstances the Gerechtshof, Leeuwarden, referred the following questions to the Court:
"1
(a) Must a service which consists of playing music on the public highway,
for which no payment is stipulated but payment is nevertheless received,
be regarded as a supply of services effected for consideration within the
meaning of Article 2 of the Sixth Directive on the harmonization of the laws
of the Member States relating to turnover taxes?
(b) Is it relevant
for the purpose of answering this question that although the payment received
is not stipulated, it is nevertheless solicited and, in view of customary
usage, can be expected, although its amount is neither quantified nor quantifiable?"
9 For the purpose of answering those questions, it should be noted that Article 2 of the Sixth Directive states that:
"The following shall be subject to value added tax:
1.
the supply of goods or services effected for consideration within the territory
of the country by a taxable person acting as such;
(...)."
10 To interpret
the term "supply of services effected for consideration" in that article,
the article must be seen in its context, and account must be taken of the
other provisions of the Sixth Directive and also of the Court' s case-law,
including its decisions on the Second Council Directive 67/228/EEC of 11
April 1967 on the harmonization of legislation of Member States concerning
turnover taxes - Structure and procedures for application of the common system
of value added tax (Official Journal, English Special Edition 1967, p. 16,
hereinafter referred to as "the Second Directive"), which had the same objectives
as the Sixth Directive and was replaced by that directive.
11 Article 11(A)(1) of the Sixth Directive provides that:
"The taxable amount shall be:
(a)
in respect of supplies of goods and services other than those referred to
in (b), (c) and (d) below, everything which constitutes the consideration
which has been or is to be obtained by the supplier from the purchaser, the
customer or a third party for such supplies ...".
12 The Court has already
held with reference to the concept of the "provision of services against
payment" in Article 2(a) of the Second Directive, whose wording is similar
to that of Article 2(1) of the Sixth Directive, that taxable transactions,
within the framework of the VAT system, presuppose the existence of a transaction
between the parties in which a price or consideration is stipulated. The
Court concluded that, where a person' s activity consists exclusively in
providing services for no direct consideration, there is no basis of assessment
and the services are therefore not subject to VAT (judgment in Case 89/81
Staatssecretaris van Financién v Hong Kong Trade Development Council [1982]
ECR 1277, paragraphs 9 and 10).
13 In its judgments in Case 154/80 Cooeperatieve
Aardappelenbewaarplaats [1981] ECR 445, paragraph 12, and Case 230/87 Naturally
Yours Cosmetics [1988] ECR 6365, paragraph 11, the Court stated on this point
that the basis of assessment for a provision of services is everything which
makes up the consideration for the service and that a provision of services
is therefore taxable only if there is a direct link between the service provided
and the consideration received (see also the judgment in Case 102/86 Apple
and Pear Development Council v Commissioners of Customs and Excise [1988]
ECR 1443, paragraphs 11 and 12).
14 It follows that a supply of services
is effected "for consideration" within the meaning of Article 2(1) of the
Sixth Directive, and hence is taxable, only if there is a legal relationship
between the provider of the service and the recipient pursuant to which there
is reciprocal performance, the remuneration received by the provider of the
service constituting the value actually given in return for the service supplied
to the recipient.
15 In a case such as that which is the subject of the main proceedings, it is clear that those conditions are not fulfilled.
16
If a musician who performs on the public highway receives donations from
passers-by, those receipts cannot be regarded as the consideration for a
service supplied to them.
17 Firstly, there is no agreement between
the parties, since the passers-by voluntarily make a donation, whose amount
they determine as they wish. Secondly, there is no necessary link between
the musical service and the payments to which it gives rise. The passers-by
do not request music to be played for them; moreover, they pay sums which
depend not on the musical service but on subjective motives which may bring
feelings of sympathy into play. Indeed some persons place money, sometimes
a considerable sum, in the musician' s collecting tin without lingering,
whereas others listen to the music for some time without making any donation
at all.
18 In addition, contrary to the arguments of the German and
Netherlands Governments, the fact that the musician plays in public with
a view to collecting money and actually receives certain sums in so doing
is of no relevance for the purpose of determining whether the activity in
question constitutes a supply of services for consideration within the meaning
of the Sixth Directive.
19 That interpretation is not affected by the
fact that a musician such as Mr Tolsma solicits money and can in fact expect
to receive money by playing music on the public highway. The payments are
entirely voluntary and uncertain and the amount is practically impossible
to determine.
20 For all the above reasons, the answer to the questions
of the Gerechtshof, Leeuwarden, should be that Article 2(1) of the Sixth
Directive must be interpreted as meaning that the "supply of services effected
for consideration" within the meaning of that provision does not include
an activity consisting in playing music on the public highway, for which
no remuneration is stipulated, even if the musician solicits money and receives
sums whose amount is however neither quantified nor quantifiable.
Costs
21 The costs incurred by the German
Government, the Netherlands Government and the Commission of the European
Communities, which have submitted observations to the Court, are not recoverable.
Since these proceedings are, for the parties to the main proceedings, a step
in the action pending before the national court, the decision on costs is
a matter for that court.
On those grounds,
THE COURT (Sixth Chamber),
in answer to the questions referred to it by the Gerechtshof, Leeuwarden, by order of 8 January 1993, hereby rules:
Article
2(1) of the Sixth Council Directive (77/388/EEC) of 17 May 1977 on the harmonization
of the laws of the Member States relating to turnover taxes - Common system
of value added tax: uniform basis of assessment, must be interpreted as meaning
that the "supply of services effected for consideration" within the meaning
of that provision does not include an activity consisting in playing music
on the public highway, for which no remuneration is stipulated, even if the
musician solicits money and receives sums whose amount is however neither
quantified nor quantifiable.
© European Communities, 2001 All rights reserved
|